Decoding Real Estate Terms: Property Value
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Decoding Real Estate Terms: Property Value
What is your home worth?
We’ve been to that yard sale where we offer $5 for the rocking chair and the seller insists it’s an antique worth $50! (Which begs the question: Then why are you selling it out here on the lawn, in the rain?)
The same concepts apply to selling and buying real estate – and the industry has so many terms and ways to value a property, it can get confusing. Home value tools you find on the internet muddy the waters – although these tools are interesting, they are simple calculators that do not know the current, local market trends.
To better understand how to set and evaluate a property price, let’s look at those terms:
Fair Market Value: Arguably the most important valuation term to understand, fair market value is what a willing buyer would pay a willing seller. The definition makes it clear that willingness is inherent in the value: That the parties negotiate the price through an arm’s-length transaction, that the parties are aware of all the facts, that the parties are not pressured in any way.
For example: Mr. Smith offers Mr. Jones $200,000 for his home, and Mr. Jones counteroffers for $250,000, when Mr. Smith agrees, the fair market value is $250,000. Contrast that transaction with Mr. Smith offering his grandmother $50,000 for her house and she accepts (more akin to a gift than a negotiated sale on the market). Or, compare the first example with a short sale – where the buyer merely pays off the mortgage. That transaction does not reflect the market price at all! Fair market value is determined when the buyer freely makes an offer, and the seller freely accepts.
CMA: A CMA, or comparative market analysis, is the procedure real estate agents use to set the listing price for a home (or help a seller decide whether to sell). To perform the CMA, your agent researches the closing price – the fair market value - of similar, recently sold properties in your area. Read that again.
First, the listing price of local properties does not mean that is what a willing buyer will pay. And, often, enthusiastic sellers or agents will over-price a property – causing it to either sit on the market for far too long, not appraise for the listing price, or suffer price reduction after price reduction! Fair market value is only established when the deal closes.
Second, the agent uses properties that have sold recently – not last year! The recency is a good indication of current market conditions.
Third, the agent carefully selects the geographic area. What a house is worth in Manchester is not what it would be worth on Lake Sunapee!
Last, the agent will carefully identify properties as similar to your home’s features as possible: Number of bedrooms and bathrooms, square footage, condition, acreage, location to water, special features and characteristics, and so on. Also note, the agent will avoid using short sales, foreclosures, inherited or gifted properties in her analysis because those values do not reflect fair market value.
Appraisal: An appraisal is an authorized valuation of a property – an educated guess for what the fair market value could be. Similar to a CMA, an appraisal is completed by a licensed appraiser who analyzes the property using factors like location, condition, and resent sales of similar properties. Typically, appraisals are used for real estate, collectibles, or businesses to determine market value.
For example, your insurance company may want your sports cards appraised so it knows how much insurance you need to cover replacing the collection. Or an entrepreneur may need her business appraised so she can sell half to a new partner.
Often hired by the lender, the appraisal assures the lender it is not loaning too much for the property (that the property is enough collateral). For example, if the home appraises at $500,000, the lender will not want to loan $600,000.
Buyers also use appraisals to renegotiate contract terms. For example, if a buyer offered $500,000 and the appraiser determines the home is valued at $450,000, the buyer may attempt to reduce her offer. Whether or not she can do so will be clearly outlined in the sale contract. An expert real estate agent will consider the appraisal process when pricing and marketing your home.
Assessment: Assessed value is the value the tax authority uses to calculate property taxes. To determine that value, the tax assessor uses a type of appraisal which considers the fair market value, improvements, and the characteristics of similar properties.
But realize assessment happens irregularly – maybe every five or ten years. Fair market value can swing over that time. So, although the assessor uses fair market value, the assessment only hints at what fair market value was when the assessment was completed.
Assessed value is also adjusted for the character of the property – whether it is commercial, residential, the zone, and so on. Also, assessors often do not set the assessment at 100% of the estimated fair market value. And homeowners can appeal the regulator’s assessment – altering the assessed value. So, although buyers should investigate the assessment to determine how much property tax will be owed, the assessment does little to set or reflect the fair market value.
We hope this information helps you appreciate the value of your property. When you are ready to list or shop, contact The Best Team in Town to help you!
And, for more expert advice: